A na-achịkwa ihe ize ndụ arc flash n'oge nkwụsị ọrụ mbụ site n'ịkwado ọnọdụ ike, ịgbaso usoro ịgbanye ala, ịdị mma nke mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik, na njikwa ebe a na-abịaru nso. N'ọrụ n'ezie, akụrụngwa nchekwa maka ndozi ụlọ ọrụ na-ebelata ikpughe n'ihe ize ndụ site n'ịkwụsị usoro mmejọ nke na-apụtakarị mgbe e chere na sekit enweghị ọkụ eletrik, ma ọ ka nwere voltaji echekwara, voltaji ebutere, voltaji laghachitere azụ, ma ọ bụ voltaji e kewapụghị nke ọma. Nsogbu teknụzụ anaghị adịkarị naanị n'otu ngwa ọrụ. Ọ na-agụnyekarị usoro: kewapụ, nwalee, gbanye ala, chebe, kewaa, ma malite ọrụ naanị mgbe ahụ.

Nkwụsị ọrụ nwere ike ịmepụta echiche nchekwa na-eduhie eduhie n'ihi na akụrụngwa anaghịzị arụ ọrụ n'ime usoro ahụ, ma ọnọdụ eletrik nwere ike ka bụrụ nke anaghị akwụsi ike. Capacitor nwere ike ijide ụgwọ ọkụ, ndị ndu eletrik toro ogologo na-aga n'akụkụ ibe ha nwere ike inweta voltaji ebutere, akụkụ variable-frequency drive nwere ike ijigide ike, na ọrụ ịgbanwee sekit nwere ike hapụ isi iyi ọzọ ka jikọtara site n'ebe njikọ e leghara anya. Ihe omume arc flash n'ọnọdụ ndị a na-amalitekarị site n'otu ihe mmetụ dị mfe: ngwa ọla dara ada, akụkụ bus ekpughere n'ime cubicle, ngwaọrụ nnwale e ji mee ihe n'èzí ọkwa ya, ma ọ bụ usoro ịgbanye ala e mere n'usoro na-ezighi ezi. E mere ezigbo akụrụngwa nchekwa maka ndozi ụlọ ọrụ iji belata ụzọ ndị a nke ọdịda.

Ikewapụ bụ naanị mmalite

Ọbụna mgbe breaker meghere ma ikewapụ a na-ahụ anya yie ka e mechara, nyocha ihe ize ndụ akwụsịbeghị. Ngosi ọnọdụ igwe nwere ike ezighi ezi ma ọ bụrụ na njikọ ya mebiri emebi, kọntaktị inyeaka nwere ike ghara igosi ọnọdụ onye ndu eletrik n'ezie, na usoro njikwa ime nwere ike ịnye akụrụngwa ọkụ ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na bypassed interlock ma ọ bụ interlock ezughị ezu. N'ihi nke a, ọrụ nkwụsị na-adabere n'akụrụngwa na-akwado nkwenye kama ịdabere n'echiche.

A na-eji mkpanaka arụ ọrụ nwere mkpuchi ọkụ, ihe nchọpụta voltaji akwadoro maka nrụnye ahụ, gloves mkpuchi ọkụ dabara na voltaji sistemụ, na nchedo ihu na ahụ akwadoro maka arc ọnụ n'ihi na nke ọ bụla na-elebara ọkwa ejighị n'aka dị iche anya. Ihe nchọpụta ahụ na-akwado ịdị ma ọ bụ enweghị voltaji, ma ihe nchọpụta naanị ya anaghị ewepụ ụgwọ ebutere. Gloves na-enye ohere ijikwa ihe n'ụzọ a na-achịkwa, ma gloves anaghị anọchi anya ebe nkewa kwesịrị ekwesị. Mgbochi na mkpuchi mkpuchi ọkụ na-ebelata ohere ịjikọta phase na phase ma ọ bụ phase na ala mgbe enweghị ike ikewapụ akụkụ ndị dị nso ka ha ghara inwe ọkụ eletrik kpamkpam.

Otu nghọtahie a na-ahụkarị bụ ile lockout anya dịka ihe akaebe na enweghịzi ike eletrik n'ebe ọrụ. Lockout na-achịkwa ịrụ ọrụ n'enweghị ikike nke ngwaọrụ ikewapụ, mana ọ naghị ewepụ ụgwọ ejidere ma ọ bụ potential ebutere. N'ebe a ka akụrụngwa ịgbanye ala nwa oge ji bụrụ ihe dị mkpa n'ụzọ teknụzụ, karịsịa n'ahịrị nnyefe, substations, ngalaba switchgear, na ebe ndozi nwere ọtụtụ isi iyi nwere ike ịdị.

Ịgbanye ala nwa oge na-agbanwe ụzọ mmejọ

Mgbe agbanyere ndị ndu eletrik ala nke ọma ma mee ka ha nwee short-circuit mgbe ekwenyesịrị na e wepụrụ ọkụ eletrik, inye ọkụ a na-atụghị anya ya ọzọ ma ọ bụ voltaji fọdụrụ na-atụgharị gaa n'ụzọ nwere impedance dị ala. Nke a anaghị eme ka mmetụ n'enweghị nlezianya bụrụ ihe a nabatara, mana ọ nwere ike ibelata nke ukwuu ọdịiche voltaji nke ga-adị n'ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ n'etiti ngwa ọrụ na onye ndu eletrik. N'okwu arc flash, ịgbanye ala na-enyere igbochi ọnọdụ ebe onye ọrụ ghọrọ akụkụ nke ụzọ ntọhapụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ ebe onye ndu eletrik e kewapụrụ na-eru potential dị ize ndụ ma mepụta flash mgbe emetụrụ ya aka.

Ekwesịrị inyocha setị ịgbanye ala nwa oge eji n'oge ndozi nkwụsị maka ihe onye ndu eletrik mejupụtara, nhazi clamp, ikike iburu current, ike igwe, ịdịte aka nke mkpuchi cable, na ịdị mma maka fault level nke sistemụ. A na-ahọrọkarị ndị ndu ọla kọpa nwere conductivity dị elu n'ihi na arụmọrụ ịtọhapụ fault current dabere na resistance dị ala na ịdị mma kwụsiri ike nke strands. Ahụ clamp na-ejikarị alloy ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ alloy aluminom nwere ike dị elu, ebe e mere elu kọntaktị ka ọ gafee oxidation dị mfe ma nọgide na-enwe nrụgide zuru ezu n'okpuru vibration ma ọ bụ akụkụ nrụnye na-adịghị mma.

N'ọnọdụ ọrụ n'ọhịa, setị ịgbanye ala nke a na-etinye ngwa ngwa na-enweghị akụkụ ngwaike tọgbọrọ chakoo na-enye uru nchekwa bara uru. Ọrụ na-emekarị n'ime cell switchgear dị warara, n'elu ihe owuwu dị elu, ma ọ bụ n'oge ihu igwe na-adịghị mma ebe ikike iji aka rụọ ọrụ pere mpe. Ngwakọta ịgbanye ala dịkaịgbanye ala na short-circuit a na-ebugharị ebugharị dabara n'ọrụ a mgbe cross-section cable ahọpụtara, ogologo lead, na nhazi clamp dabara na nrụnye ahụ. Ọrụ ya bụ isi dị mfe: ime njikọ ịgbanye ala nwa oge a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, ịtọhapụ voltaji fọdụrụ ma ọ bụ voltaji ebutere, na ibelata ohere na inye ọkụ mberede ga-abụ ihe omume ikpughe kpọmkwem.

Usoro nrụnye dị mkpa dịka ngwaike n'onwe ya. N'ọtụtụ sistemụ, a na-ejikọ akụkụ ala mbụ ma wepụ ya ikpeazụ. A na-etinye akụkụ onye ndu eletrik site n'iji ngwa mkpuchi ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị mgbe e nyochachara enweghị voltaji dịka usoro saịtị si dị. Ọ bụrụ na a gbanwee usoro ahụ, onye na-etinye setị ahụ nwere ike ijide ngwakọta na-adịghị ejikọta nke nwere ike iru potential ma ọ bụrụ na onye ndu ahụ dị ndụ. Nke a bụ nsogbu usoro, mana akụrụngwa ahụ ga-akwado usoro ziri ezi site n'ijide clamp nke ọma, mgbanwe lead zuru ezu, na mkpuchi mkpuchi ọkụ siri ike nke na-eguzogide abrasion megide akụkụ ọnụ nke enclosure.

Ngwa ọrụ mkpuchi ọkụ na-ebelata ebe mmalite

Arc flash n'oge ọrụ nkwụsị na-ebutekarị site n'ijikọta ihe na-atụghị anya ya. Wrench ígwè metụrụ phase dị n'akụkụ, screwdriver sịrịpụrụ n'ofe nkwado bus, ma ọ bụ lead tụọ ihe nwere mkpuchi mebiri emebi nwere ike ime ka ọrụ ndozi bụrụ ihe omume ionization. Ngwa ọrụ aka nwere mkpuchi ọkụ anaghị ewepụ ike arc, mana ha na-ebelata ohere ịmalite fault site n'ịbawanye nkewa dielectric n'etiti njedebe ọrụ conductive na aka, na site n'ibelata ogologo ọla ekpughere.

Nkọwa nke owuwu ngwa ọrụ dị mkpa. Mkpuchi okpukpu abụọ nwere ike inye ngosipụta a na-ahụ anya nke mmebi ma ọ bụrụ na e bepụrụ mkpuchi mpụta. Mkpuchi shank kwesịrị ịdịgide nso n'ọnụ ya, ebe mmetụ n'akụkụ ọla ejikọrọ n'ala na-adịkarị. Aka ga-eguzogide mmanụ, kemịkal nhicha, na mgbanwe okpomọkụ n'ihi na mkpuchi nke siri ike ma ọ bụ zaa aza nwere ike ịgbawa, tọpụ, ma ọ bụ tụgharịa n'elu isi ya. N'ebe nkwụsị ọrụ, a na-etinye ngwa ọrụ mgbe ụfọdụ n'elu grating, concrete, ma ọ bụ ikpo okwu transformer; mmebi impact mgbe ha dara ugboro ugboro bụ ezi nsogbu ọrụ, ọ bụghị naanị nsogbu ọdịdị.

Iji ngwa ọrụ mkpuchi ọkụ n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi nwere ike ịmepụta oke nchekwa ụgha. Aka nwere mmetọ ma ọ bụ mmiri na-ebelata surface resistance. Ngwa ahọpụtara maka iru ebe n'ụzọ igwe kama maka ọkwa eletrik nwere ike ibute aka nso n'akụkụ ekpughere karịa ka e bu n'obi. Nchekwa na-emetụtakwa ntụkwasị obi. Ọ bụrụ na a na-ebuga ngwa ọrụ mkpuchi ọkụ ka ha tọgbọrọ n'akụkụ akụkụ ọla dị nkọ, mbepụ zoro ezo nwere ike ịpụta n'akụkụ mkpuchi ahụ. Ya mere, nyocha anya kwa mgbe tupu ọrụ ọ bụla bụ akụkụ nke sistemụ nchedo eletrik, ọ bụghị omume nhicha ụlọ nhọrọ.

Mgbochi, mkpuchi, na ohere na-achịkwa mpaghara ọrụ

N'oge nkwụsị ọrụ, ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka enwere ike iwepụ ọkụ eletrik n'akụkụ ọ bụla dị nso. Akụkụ tie, sekit ike njikwa, terminal nnwale, feeder dị n'akụkụ, na buswork dị n'elu nwere ike ịnọgide na-adị ndụ. Akụrụngwa nchekwa maka ndozi ụlọ ọrụ na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ arc flash n'ebe a site n'ịchịkwa anya a na-abịaru nso na mmetụ mberede, karịsịa mgbe aka, uwe aka, ngwa ọrụ, na leads ịgbanye ala ga-agagharị n'ime enclosure ọla kọmpat.

A na-eji blanket mkpuchi ọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, mgbochi phase siri ike, shroud, na mkpuchi nwa oge kewapụ ebe dị ndụ dị nso na ebe ọrụ ozugbo. Nhọrọ ihe ga-eburu n'uche arụmọrụ dielectric, iguzogide ntupu, omume n'ọkụ, na ijigide ọdịdị. Mkpuchi nke na-adaba n'elu terminal n'okpuru okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ vibration nwere ike ịmepụta otu ihe ize ndụ ahụ e bu n'obi igbochi. Na switchgear, geometry dị mkpa: mgbochi kwesịrị inwe isi ike zuru ezu iji nọrọ n'ebe ha dị, ma nwee mgbanwe zuru ezu iji tinye ha na-enweghị ịmanye mmetụ megide ngwaike dị ndụ.

Mmejọ ohere na-emekarị n'oge ịchịkọta ọzọ karịa n'oge ịkwasa. Mgbe ndozi nkwụsị gasịrị, ndị teknishian nwere ike iduzi leads nnwale nwa oge, wrench torque, ma ọ bụ akụkụ nnọchi site n'oghere dị nchebe mgbe ọ tọgbọ chakoo mana nke na-adịghị nchebe mgbe akụkụ aka gbanwere. Mgbochi mkpuchi ọkụ nwa oge na-ebelata ohere na mmegharị dị mfe ga-aghọ fault phase. Ha bara uru karịsịa mgbe ọhụhụ adịghị mma ma ọ bụ mgbe ọrụ ga-aga n'ihu n'akụkụ njikọ bolted, njedebe cable, ma ọ bụ stab n'ime ngalaba miri emi.

Akụrụngwa nkwenye ga-adabara gburugburu eletrik

Nchọpụta voltaji na ngwaọrụ nnwale bụ akụkụ nke akụrụngwa nchekwa maka ndozi ụlọ ọrụ n'ihi na ọgụgụ na-ezighi ezi nwere ike itinye mmadụ kpọmkwem n'ime oke arc flash. Ekwesịrị ịhọrọ meter, proving unit, ngwaọrụ phasing, na ngwaọrụ nnwale enweghị voltaji maka nhazi sistemụ na measurement category metụtara. Onye nnwale a nabatara n'igbe njikwa nwere ike ghara ịdị mma maka nkwenye bus switchgear, ọbụna ma voltaji nominal yiri.

Ọnọdụ lead bụ ebe adịghị ike na-eme ugboro ugboro. Nche probe gbawara agbawa, njikọ shrouded tọgbọrọ, nche mkpịsị aka mebiri emebi, na mkpuchi siri ike nwere ike imebi ojiji nchekwa. N'oge nkwụsị ọrụ n'èzí, mmiri na-abanye na mmetọ n'elu nwere ike ịgbagọ ọgụgụ ma ọ bụ omume tracking. Na substations na ụzọ feeder toro ogologo, voltaji ebutere nwere ike ime ka nkọwa sie ike ma ọ bụrụ na usoro nnwale anaghị ewere capacitive coupling n'uche. Nke a bụ otu ihe mere a ji etinye ịgbanye ala nwa oge mgbe nkwenye gasịrị: nnwale na-egosi ọnọdụ ahụ; setị ịgbanye ala na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike.

Isi iyi ike echekwara chọrọ nlebara anya pụrụ iche. Bank capacitor, akụkụ DC link n'ime drive, kabinet UPS, na sistemụ njikwa nwere battery backup nwere ike ịdị ndụ mgbe emepechara feeder isi. Meter nwere ike igosi mbelata n'otu ebe ebe alaka ọzọ ka nwere ụgwọ. Resistor ịtọhapụ ụgwọ nwere ike ịdị ma mebie emebi. N'ọnọdụ ndị a, igbochi arc flash dabere na oge echere, nnwale ọzọ, na akụrụngwa nwere ike ijikwa potential fọdụrụ n'enweghị nsogbu kama ime ọsọ ọsọ banye n'ọrụ mmetụ.

PPE anaghị anọchi njikwa sekit

Uwe akwadoro maka arc, shield ihu, balaclava, gloves, nchedo ntị, na akpụkpọ ụkwụ dielectric bụ ọkwa nchedo dị mkpa, mana ha na-arụ ọrụ kacha mma mgbe ejikọtara ha na ikewapụ na ịgbanye ala. PPE bụ mgbochi ikpeazụ megide mmetụta okpomọkụ na nrụgide, ọ bụghị usoro na-eme ka sekit dị nchebe. N'oge nkwụsị ọrụ, ịdabere naanị na PPE nwere ike ibute mkpebi na-adịghị mma dịka ịwụpụ ịgbanye ala nwa oge n'ihi na ọrụ ahụ dị mkpirikpi, ma ọ bụ imepe ngalaba tupu ekwenye na isi iyi niile nwere ike ịdị.

Ọnọdụ uwe kwesịrị inweta otu nlebara anya teknụzụ dị ka ngwa eletrik. Mmetọ sitere na mmanụ ma ọ bụ uzuzu conductive nwere ike ịgbanwe arụmọrụ. Mmechi hook-and-loop nke anaghịzị ekpuchi nke ọma nwere ike ikpughe uwe dị n'okpuru. Shield ihu nwere ncha ma ọ bụ haze kemịkal nwere ike ibelata ọhụhụ ma bawanye mmejọ ọnọdụ aka n'ime akụrụngwa dị warara. Gloves chọrọ nnwale ikuku, nyocha anya, na nchekwa pụọ na nrụgide na ìhè anyanwụ. Ọ bụrụ na eji leather protector n'elu gloves mkpuchi ọkụ, nha protector agaghị agbagọ rubber ma mepụta ebe nrụgide.

Ọnọdụ nkwụsị ọrụ na-agbakwunye mgbanwe igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi

A na-ekpe akụrụngwa nchekwa eletrik ikpe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị site n'ọkwa nominal, ebe ọdịda n'ọhịa na-esikarị na gburugburu ebe obibi na njikwa. Mkpuchi cable n'elu setị ịgbanye ala nwere ike isie ike n'oge oyi, na-eme ka itinye clamp nke ọma sie ike. Uzuzu conductive dị mma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike idowe n'elu mgbochi na gloves. Gburugburu ebe nwere corrosion nwere ike imerụ spring clamp ma ọ bụ akụkụ tightening nwere eri. Ịbugharị ugboro ugboro n'etiti ọrụ nwere ike ihulata lead nke ukwuu nso ferrule, ebe nbibi strand conductor na-amalite n'ime tupu a hụ ya anya.

Nke a mere ndozi akụrụngwa nchekwa ji dị mkpa. Ekwesịrị inyocha leads ịgbanye ala maka strands gbajiri agbaji, mbepụ sheath, njedebe crimp tọgbọrọ, corrosion n'ebe clamp na-ejikọta, na akara ikpo oke ọkụ nso ebe njikọ. Clamp kwesịrị imechi kpamkpam ma jigide nrụgide kọntaktị n'enweghị ịma jijiji. Ogologo ndụ ọrụ bara uru naanị ma ọ bụrụ na nyocha oge ụfọdụ na-akwado na arụmọrụ eletrik na nke igwe adịghị ada n'okpuru ọnọdụ a nabatara. Maka akụrụngwa e bu n'obi irube isi na IEC 61230, nyocha a na-enwe ike ịkọwa azụ na ịdọ aka ná ntị n'iji ya eme ihe bụ akụkụ nke idobe ọkwa nchedo e bu n'obi n'ọrụ n'ezie.

Mbupu na nchekwa na-emetụtakwa ịdị njikere. Ịkpakọba cable ịgbanye ala nke ukwuu nwere ike imebi nhazi conductor. Ịtụba clamp n'ime igbe ngwaike agwakọtara nwere ike imebi ihu kọntaktị ma ọ bụ gbanwee spring. Blanket mkpuchi ọkụ apịara mgbe ọ nwere ụmụ irighiri ọla nwere ike ibufe ụmụ irighiri ndị ahụ n'ebe ọrụ ma emechaa. Nhazi nchekwa dị ọcha, kpọrọ nkụ, na-echebe n'ụzọ igwe abụghị nkọwa nchịkwa; ọ na-emetụta kpọmkwem ma akụrụngwa ahụ ka na-arụ ọrụ dịka e mere ya n'oge nkwụsị ọrụ na-esote.

Ebe a chọrọ ịgbanye ala nwa oge n'ofe ụdị nrụnye dị iche iche, a na-achọkarị ngwakọta nwere cable cross-section, ogologo, na nhazi clamp dị iche iche n'ihi na ọrụ busbar, ọrụ ahịrị, na ndozi switchgear anaghị enwe otu geometry. Setị dịkaịgbanye ala na short-circuit a na-ebugharị ebugharị dị mkpa mgbe nhazi ahọpụtara dabara na nha conductor, ebe ịgbanye ala dị, na mmachi ejizi n'ọhịa a tụrụ anya ya. Clamp siri ike, cable mkpuchi ọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, na arụmọrụ iburu current a pụrụ ịdabere na ya bara uru karịa nkwupụta nkịtị na lead ịgbanye ala ọ bụla ga-ezu.

Ihe ize ndụ arc flash n'oge nkwụsị ọrụ na-ada mgbe a na-ewere ọkwa ọ bụla nke akụrụngwa nchekwa maka ndozi ụlọ ọrụ dịka akụkụ nke otu usoro njikwa eletrik kama ịbụ nchịkọta ngwa mgbakwunye dị iche iche. Jiri ngwaọrụ ziri ezi kwado enweghị voltaji, tinye ịgbanye ala nwa oge n'usoro ziri ezi, jiri mgbochi na mkpuchi kewapụ akụkụ dị ndụ dị nso, jiri ngwa ọrụ mkpuchi ọkụ ndị ka nọ n'ọnọdụ dị mma, ma debe PPE njikere maka ihe ize ndụ fọdụrụ nke enweghị ike iwepụ site n'usoro injinia. Ọrụ nkwụsị na-adị nchebe karịa mgbe akụrụngwa na-akwado omume eletrik nwere ntụziaka n'okpuru ọnọdụ n'ezie n'ọhịa, gụnyere ebe dị warara, ụzọ isi iyi na-ejighị n'aka, ikpughe n'ihu igwe, na nrụgide oge.